Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I

What you'll learn

• Apply the first law to closed, steady-flow and unsteady open systems, using a consistent sign convention, enthalpy for flowing streams and heat capacities at constant volume and pressure.
• Read pressure-temperature and pressure-volume diagrams of pure fluids, identify compressed liquid, saturated, superheated and supercritical states, and estimate vapour pressures with the Lee-Kesler correlation.
• Calculate work and heat for ideal gas processes and steady-flow compression, and correct for real-gas behaviour with the virial equation and the Pitzer correlation.
• Set up and solve the van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong, Soave-Redlich-Kwong and Peng-Robinson equations of state for gas and liquid roots, and judge their accuracy.
• Use corresponding-states correlations, generalized compressibility charts and the Rackett equation to estimate gas and liquid volumes from critical constants.
• Estimate sensible heats, latent heats with the Clapeyron, Riedel and Watson equations, and heats of reaction at any temperature from heats of formation and heat capacities.
• Apply the second law through Carnot limits, entropy changes and entropy balances, and quantify irreversibility as entropy generation and lost work.
• Use the fundamental property relations, Maxwell relations and residual properties to calculate real-fluid enthalpy and entropy changes and Joule-Thomson coefficients from an equation of state.
• Read steam and refrigerant tables, interpolate, handle reference states correctly, choose suitable thermodynamic diagrams, and generate saturation properties from an equation of state.
• Analyse nozzles, throttling valves, turbines, compressors and pumps with energy and entropy balances, isentropic efficiencies and multistage compression with intercooling.
• Analyse ideal and real Rankine cycles with superheat, reheat and regeneration, and evaluate combined heat and power with back-pressure turbines.
• Analyse vapour-compression refrigeration cycles and Linde liquefaction, and relate their performance to temperature lift and Carnot limits.