Heat Transfer

What you'll learn

• Identify conduction, convection and radiation in engineering systems, write rate equations for each, and apply control-volume and surface energy balances.
• Solve steady one-dimensional conduction in plane walls, cylinders and spheres using thermal resistance networks, including contact resistance, overall coefficients and the critical radius of insulation.
• Analyze fins and extended surfaces using the fin equation, fin efficiency, effectiveness and overall surface efficiency, and evaluate measurement errors in thermowells.
• Calculate two-dimensional conduction using shape factors, and formulate and solve finite-difference models with grid refinement checks.
• Analyze transient conduction with the lumped capacitance method, one-term series solutions and the semi-infinite solid, and judge freeze protection times.
• Determine convection coefficients for external flows over plates, cylinders, spheres and tube banks using boundary layer concepts and empirical correlations.
• Analyze internal flows using mean temperature, entry lengths, log-mean temperature difference and laminar and turbulent correlations, and relate heat transfer to pressure drop.
• Calculate natural convection from plates and cylinders and in enclosures, and decide whether flows are natural, forced or mixed.
• Analyze pool boiling, the critical heat flux, flow boiling and film condensation, and explain the effects of surface condition and noncondensable gases.
• Apply blackbody laws, band fractions, emissivity, absorptivity and Kirchhoff's law, including solar selective surfaces and infrared thermography.
• Calculate radiation exchange using view factors and radiation networks for gray, diffuse enclosures, shields and reradiating surfaces, and correct gas temperature measurements.
• Size and rate heat exchangers by the LMTD and effectiveness-NTU methods with fouling allowances, and integrate heat transfer analyses into a plant design review.