Fluid Mechanics II

What you'll learn

• Derive the differential continuity and Navier-Stokes equations for a Newtonian fluid, state their boundary conditions, and solve Couette, Poiseuille and falling-film flows, checking that the laminar assumption holds.
• Form dimensionless groups with the Buckingham Pi theorem, interpret the Reynolds, Froude, Mach and other named numbers, and scale model tests of pumps and intakes to prototypes, including efficiency step-up and scale effects.
• Build irrotational flows by superposing uniform flow, sources, sinks, vortices and doublets, and use them to estimate intake capture zones, surface pressures and lift from circulation.
• Calculate laminar boundary-layer thickness, displacement and momentum thicknesses and skin friction from the Blasius solution and the momentum-integral method, and explain how pressure gradients cause separation.
• Predict transition, turbulent boundary-layer growth and friction drag on smooth and rough surfaces, apply the law of the wall, and design diffusers that avoid separation.
• Estimate drag on bluff and streamlined bodies across the range of Reynolds numbers, including settling velocities, the drag crisis, wind loads and vortex-induced vibration.
• Explain lift through circulation and the Kutta condition, apply thin-airfoil and lifting-line theory, and analyse the velocities and forces on a wind turbine blade section.
• Determine when gas flows are compressible, calculate the speed of sound in gases, liquids and pipes, and use Mach number and stagnation property relations.
• Analyse isentropic flow in converging and converging-diverging nozzles, identify choked flow, and size orifices for air valves, relief devices and leaks.
• Apply normal and oblique shock relations, locate shocks in nozzles, and evaluate the stored energy and hazards of compressed gases.
• Apply Euler's turbomachine equation and velocity triangles to centrifugal pumps, use specific speed and the affinity laws, and evaluate NPSH margins and suction specific speed.
• Select turbines, fans and pumps by specific speed, apply the fan laws and the Betz limit, and compare control methods for a pumping system over a year of operation.